📝 Selected Publications
2026
OCC-Mamba: A Mamba-based deep learning approach for indoor occupancy prediction
OCC-Mamba: A Mamba-based deep learning approach for indoor occupancy prediction
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Dianyu Zhong, Xu Yang, Xi Miao, Qianchuan Zhao
Building and Environment, Volume 289, 2026, Article 114085
OCC-Mamba develops a state-space deep learning framework for indoor occupancy prediction and evaluates its generalization across heterogeneous real-world datasets.
Experimental study on surveillance video-based indoor occupancy measurement for occupant-centric control
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Qingshan Jia, Qianchuan Zhao
Building and Environment, Volume 305, 2026, Article 115200
This study compares detection-, tracking-, and reasoning-enhanced video pipelines for occupancy measurement and evaluates their implications for occupant-centric HVAC control.
Exploring large language models for indoor occupancy measurement in smart office buildings
Exploring large language models for indoor occupancy measurement in smart office buildings
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Qianchuan Zhao
Building and Environment, Volume 287, 2026, Article 113860
This work investigates few-shot learning, in-context learning, and reasoning with large language models for occupancy detection and estimation using real-world building datasets.
2025
An experimental comparative study of energy saving based on occupancy-centric control in smart buildings
Irfan Qaisar, Wei Liang, Kailai Sun, Tian Xing, Qianchuan Zhao
Building and Environment, Volume 268, 2025, Article 112322
This study evaluates occupancy-centric HVAC control using real-world occupancy data and EnergyPlus/OpenStudio simulations across multiple control intervals.
Dynamic Occupancy Measurement for Smart Buildings: A Few-shot Large Language Model Approach
Dynamic Occupancy Measurement for Smart Buildings: A Few-shot Large Language Model Approach
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Qianchuan Zhao
2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)
Los Angeles, USA, 2025
This work explores few-shot and in-context learning with large language models for occupancy detection and estimation in smart buildings.
2023
Building occupancy number prediction: A Transformer approach
Building occupancy number prediction: A Transformer approach
Kailai Sun, Irfan Qaisar, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Tian Xing, Qianchuan Zhao
Building and Environment, Volume 244, 2023, Article 110807
This study develops a Transformer-based model for multi-zone occupancy-number prediction using real-world multi-sensor building data.
Multi-Sensor-Based Occupancy Prediction in a Multi-Zone Office Building with Transformer
Multi-Sensor-Based Occupancy Prediction in a Multi-Zone Office Building with Transformer
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Qianchuan Zhao, Tian Xing, Hu Yan
Buildings, Volume 13, Issue 8, 2023, Article 2002
This study proposes a Transformer-based occupancy prediction network using occupancy history, indoor environmental measurements, and HVAC operational information.
2022
Energy baseline prediction for buildings: A review
Energy baseline prediction for buildings: A review
Irfan Qaisar, Qianchuan Zhao
Results in Control and Optimization, Volume 7, 2022, Article 100129
This review summarizes physical, data-driven, and hybrid approaches for building energy baseline prediction and energy-performance evaluation.
Manuscripts Under Review
Hierarchical Control Framework Integrating Large Language Models with Reinforcement Learning for Decarbonized HVAC Operation
Dianyu Zhong, Tian Xing, Kailai Sun, Xu Yang, Heye Huang, Irfan Qaisar, Tinggang Jia, Shaobo Wang, Qianchuan Zhao
Under Review
This work investigates LLM-guided action-space reduction combined with reinforcement learning for multi-zone HVAC control.
Closed-Loop Agentic LLMs for Occupant-Centric HVAC Supervisory Control in Smart Buildings
Irfan Qaisar, Kailai Sun, Qianchuan Zhao
Under Review
This study develops an evaluator-guided agentic LLM framework for closed-loop occupant-centric HVAC supervisory control.
Multi-Agent LLM-Guided Occupant-Centric HVAC Control
Under double-blind review
This work investigates multi-agent LLM guidance combined with constrained model predictive control for occupant-centric HVAC operation.
The full title, authorship, and venue are omitted while the anonymous review process is active.
For my complete publication record and citation information, please visit Google Scholar.